GANG PUBLICATIONS
Last updated 2020/08/07
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2019/09/04 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking 2019-2024
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As the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, and on behalf of partners across the federal government, I am pleased to present the National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking (National Strategy). This five-year National Strategy will strengthen Canada’s response to human trafficking and support broader Government of Canada commitments, including preventing and addressing gender-based violence, and supporting the safety and security of Indigenous peoples.
2019/01/01 - NATIONAL GANG CENTER (UNITED STATES)
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A guide designed to provide schools and law enforcement with sound practices and collaborative techniques to identify, assess, and address gang activity in the school setting.
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2018/06/19 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Summit on Gun & Gang Violence: Summary Report
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Firearm-related homicides in Canada have been steadily increasing, reaching a total of 223 in 2016, 44 more than the previous year. Shootings have now become the most common method of homicide, surpassing homicide by stabbing and beating.
2018/06/11 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Overview of Direct Intervention Approaches to Address Youth Gangs and Youth Violence
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Gang-involved youth are considered to be some of the main perpetrators (and victims) of crime and violence, and impose a high burden on society in terms of criminal justice system and other societal costs.
2018/02/23 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Organized Crime - Research Highlights 2017-H007
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The study highlights the differences in evaluation of Organized Crime Groups; Police Impact on Human Trafficking in Norway; Funding of Terrorist and Paramilitary groups; Trends in Evolution of Gangs; Identifying Trends in Organized Crime.
2018/08/02 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Organized Crime - Research Highlights 2016-H005
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Gang Membership Patterns in the Life-Course; Organized Cybercrime and Social Opportunity Structures; Best Practices in Policing Transnational Organized Crime; Lawyers and Organized Crime; Attrition in the Investigation and Confiscation of Profits of Organized Crime.
2017/11/10 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Research Summary: Montreal Intensive Supervision Program - Street Gangs
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Evaluation of the impact of an intensive supervision program on offending behaviours and criminogenic risks, social integration, and the level of engagement in street gangs among young offenders aged 15 to 25, including a descriptive cost analysis and a cost-effectiveness study.
2017/05/03 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Research Summary - Youth Gangs in Canada: A Review of Current Topics and Issues
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Highlighting advances in research on youth gangs and understanding involvement among key populations of interest.
2017/05/03 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Youth Gangs in Canada: A Review of Current Topics and Issues
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This research report provides an overview of advances that have been made in defining youth gangs and their activities, motivations for joining, and risk and protective factors that influence involvement in a gang lifestyle.
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2017/07/01 - NATIONAL GANG CENTER (UNITED STATES)
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A guide designed to provide parents with answers to common questions about gangs to enable them to recognize and prevent gang involvement.
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2016/09/01 - NATIONAL GANG CENTER (UNITED STATES)
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Outreach worker safety tips.
2015/02/06 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Building the Evidence - Crime Prevention in Action - The X-Roads Crime Prevention Program
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The X-Roads Crime Prevention Project (X-Roads) provided prevention and intervention activities for Aboriginal children and youth aged 6–18 years and at risk of becoming involved in gang activity in The Pas, Manitoba.
2015/01/30 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
The Achievers: Positive Alternatives to Youth Gangs (PAYG)
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Toronto's Jane-Finch community suffers from one of the highest violent crime rates in the province of Ontario and is widely acknowledged as one of the most socially and economically disadvantaged communities in Canada.
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2014/12/01 - OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION (UNITED STATES)
Highlights of the 2012 National Youth Gang Survey
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This fact sheet provides an overview of the nation’s gang problem. In 2012, there were an estimated 30,700 gangs (an increase from 29,900 in 2011) and 850,000 gang members (an increase from 782,500 in 2011) throughout 3,100 jurisdictions with gang problems (down from 3,300 in 2011). The number of reported gang-related homicides increased 20 percent from 1,824 in 2011 to 2,363 in 2012.
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2014/11/21 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
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LINKing Refugee Youth and Families to Positive Social Supports (LINK) is an innovative program designed to prevent the involvement of refugee youth in criminal and gang-related activity.
2014/06/24 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Organized Crime Research Highlights Number 7
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Alliances and Conflicts in Street Gangs; Solving Gang Homicides; Counting Drug Users; Regulating Illicit Markets; Economic Cost of Organized Crime; Reducing Offending Opportunities.
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2014/05/28 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Organized Crime Research Highlights Number 6
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Deterrence and Criminal Lifestyles; Drug Market Money-launders; Evaluation of U.S. Anti-Gang Initiatives; Co-offending Patterns and Organized Crime; Production of Synthetic Drugs in Quebec.
2013/11/08 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
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This Research Report provides a synthesis of key findings from the impact evaluations of 14 youth gang prevention projects implemented in various locations across Canada between 2007 and 2012. It provides a context for Public Safety's NCPC work on youth gangs, briefly describes the funded projects and the approach to conducting the evaluation studies, presents the key findings, and provides some conclusions for moving forward.
2013/10/10 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Prevention Intervention Toronto (PIT)
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This Evaluation Summary provides final findings from the Prevention Intervention Toronto (PIT) program. The PIT program was designed to help address the issues of Toronto youth becoming involved in gangs.
2013/07/08 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Organized Crime - Research Highlights Number 4
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The study highlights the differences in evaluation of Organized Crime Groups; Police Impact on Human Trafficking in Norway; Funding of Terrorist and Paramilitary groups; Trends in Evolution of Gangs; Identifying Trends in Organized Crime.
2012/09/13 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
An Interim Evaluation of the National Crime Prevention Centre Youth Gang Prevention Fund Program
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An Interim Evaluation of the National Crime Prevention Centre Youth Gang Prevention Fund Program.
2012/06/25 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Organized Crime Research Highlights Number 3
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How identities are traded online; Differences between organized criminals and other offenders; White-collar crime and the global financial meltdown; Combating transnational environmental crime; Co-offending between criminal enterprise groups; Using math to estimate the gang affiliation of unknown offenders; Comparing the illicit trades in wildlife and drugs.
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2012/06/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
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In response to the growing gang problem in Durham, the National Crime Prevention Centre, provided $1.5 million to launch the Durham Youth Gang Strategy.
2012/06/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
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To address the issue of youth gangs, Living Rock Ministries, a non-profit Christian outreach based in downtown Hamilton, delivered the Gang Prevention Strategy (GPS) with approximately 2.3M in funding from the National Crime Prevention Centre.
2012/06/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
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Regina Anti-Gang Services (RAGS) was developed in 2007 in response to the high level of gang activity in the North Central neighbourhood of Regina.
2012/06/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
The Surrey Wraparound: A Youth Driven Plan for Gang Violence Prevention
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In 2008, the National Crime Prevention Centre's Youth Gang Prevention Fund awarded $808,000 to Surrey School District #36 to implement the Surrey Wrap program.
2012/06/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Winnipeg Youth Gang Prevention Fund
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In 2007, Public Safety Canada's National Crime Prevention Centre provided, through its Youth Gang Prevention Fund (YGPF), $2,192,857 in funding to five community-based projects in Winnipeg to deliver services and support to gang-involved youth and those at risk of gang involvement over a three-year period ending March 31, 2011.
2012/06/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
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In response to the increased level of gang-related activity, HRM applied to the National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC) Youth Gang Prevention Fund (YGPF) and subsequently received 1.9 million in funding to implement the Youth Advocate Program (YAP) from 2008-2011.
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2012/06/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Youth Alliance Against Gang Violence
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In April of 2007, the National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC) awarded $1,657,141 under the Youth Gang Prevention Fund (YGPF) to the Prince Albert Outreach Program Inc. (PAOPI), a registered non-profit charitable organization, to implement and evaluate the Youth Alliance against Youth Violence program .
2012/06/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
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In response to growing concerns about gang violence, the Youth At Risk Development program offered prevention services to high-risk youth and youth involved in gang-related activities in Calgary, Alberta.
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2012/06/01 - OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION
Street Outreach and the OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model
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Since the early 19th century and the emergence of street gangs within urban population centers of the United States, community members have sought to reach out to these disenfranchised and criminally involved youth to reengage and redirect them to more pro-social activities.
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2012/05/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Assessing the Risk of Gang Members
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Do gang members vary in their risk to commit crime?
2012/04/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Predicting Recidivism with Street Gang Members
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The objective of this research is to examine the applicability of the LS/CMI (Andrews, Bonta, & Wormith, 2004) to gang members and to identify specific criminogenic needs profiles compared to non-gang offenders.
2012/02/24 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Organized Crime Research Highlights Number 2
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Criminal cooperation between organized crime groups; Do all gangs pose equal security risks in correctional facilities? ; Motives and methods for leaving a gang; Who stops dealing hard drugs?; Using wiretap data to understand criminal organizations; Effectively dismantling a drug syndicate using network structure and role; and Organized crime involvement in the illicit antiquities trade.
2011/11/09 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
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The MY Regent Park project (Mentoring, Mobilizing Youth in Regent Park)works towards the reduction and prevention of gang activity in the Regent Park community of downtown Toronto.
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2011/11/03 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Organized Crime Research Highlights Number 1
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Social Network Analysis in Operations; Current Proposed Australian Unexplained Wealth Regimes; Criminal Trajectories in Organized Crime; Mortgage Origination Fraud and the Global Economic Crisis; More Organizationally Complex Gangs: Committing More Crime?; Traffic in Garbage and Hazardous Waste: An Overview; Precursor Laws Effect on Methamphetamine Production.
2011/10/28 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Defining Street Gangs (OCRB no. 12)
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The primary purpose of this report was to discuss the difficulties related to the identification of gang members and gang-related crimes in Canada, and provide an overview of how gangs have been previously defined by academic researchers, law enforcement agencies and government policy-makers. Key findings: Many different definitions of "gang" and "street gang" are in use. Differences can hinder gang suppression and prevention activities. A proposed, common ground definition is nearly identical to the "criminal organization" definition in the Criminal Code of Canada.
2011/10/28 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Gangs and Social Networking (OCRB no. 13)
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The main purpose of this report was to explore how social media can assist in understanding the functioning and activities of criminal groups, the magnitude of the current and future threats posed by such groups' usage of new communications technology, and potentially provide a reasonable set of options for combating this problem. Key findings: Gang members generally use social networking sites individually to promote gang culture or individual reputations, not to collectively arrange offending or recruit members. Law enforcement monitoring of social networking sites is useful for policing gangs.
2011/10/28 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Addressing Street Gangs (OCRB no. 14)
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The goal of this report was to present some ideas about the best ways to deal with street gangs in Canada. Key findings: Comprehensive gang crime reduction strategies target crime with prevention, intervention and suppression efforts. Single strategy programs have been of limited effectiveness.
2011/10/28 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Mobility of Organized Crime: Vietnamese (OCRB no. 15)
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The goal of this report was to present some ideas about the best ways to deal with street gangs in Canada. Key findings: Comprehensive gang crime reduction strategies target crime with prevention, intervention and suppression efforts. Single strategy programs have been of limited effectiveness.
2011/10/28 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Street Gang Control Strategies (OCRB no. 18)
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This report involved a systematic literature review as well as an attempted meta-analysis of evalutations of street gang control strategies. Key findings: Not enough empirical evaluations have been done of gang control strategies to perform a statistical meta-analysis. Programs are more effective when they are directed at specific populations, particularly chronic gang members. The empirical effectiveness of the Spergel Model is questioned.
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2011/05/27 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Final Report 2010-2011 Evaluation of the Youth Gang Prevention Fund Program
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This document presents the evaluation of PS's YGPF Program. This evaluation was conducted between May and July 2010 in accordance with the Treasury Board of Canada Policy on Evaluation, which came into effect April 2009, and the 2007 Accountability, Risk and Audit Framework (ARAF) prescribed by the program. The objective of this evaluation is to provide an evidence based, neutral assessment of the relevance and performance of the program that is in its fifth year of operation.
2011/02/21 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Effective Community Response to Immigrant Youth Gang Crime (CPA-21)
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The Effective Community Response to Immigrant Youth Gang Crime Prevention Project provides a comprehensive approach to understanding and reducing the involvement of immigrant youth in gang criminal activity in Calgary.
2011/02/21 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Waterloo Regional Gang Prevention Project (CPA-24)
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The Waterloo Regional Gang Prevention Project is implementing a comprehensive and integrated strategy to address and prevent gang activity among youth in the Waterloo Region.
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2010/10/01 - OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION (UNITED STATES)
Best Practices to Address Community Gang Problems
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As part of that comprehensive initiative, OJJDP launched the Gang Reduction Program in 2003. The multimillion-dollar initiative was designed to reduce gang crime in targeted neighbourhoods by incorporating research-based interventions to address individual, family, and community factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency and gang activity.
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2009/12/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
The Breaking the Cycle Youth Gang Exit and Ambassador Leadership Program
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The purpose of the evaluability assessment (EA) was to assess and make a determination of whether the BTC program was in a state of program readiness to undergo a rigorous impact and cost-effectiveness evaluation.
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2009/05/01 - OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION (UNITED STATES)
OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model
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In 1987, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) began supporting a research and development project to design a comprehensive approach to reduce and prevent youth gang violence. The initial phase of this project was directed by Dr. Irving Spergel at the University of Chicago. The project concluded in the early 1990s and resulted in the development of the Spergel Model of Gang Intervention and Suppression, later renamed the OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model.
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2009/05/01 - OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION (UNITED STATES)
OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model - Implementation Manual
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During the 1980s, the gang problem in the United States became widespread and communities around the country were struggling with an increase in associated youth violence.In 1987, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) began supporting a research and development project to design a comprehensive approach to reduce and prevent youth gang violence.
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2008/04/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Addressing Youth Gang Problems: An Overview of Programs and Practices
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This research brief is designed to assist those who are concerned about youth gangs and who are working to help prevent youth from becoming involved in gangs or to help them leave gangs.
2007/10/12 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
The Community Solution to Gang Violence: A Collaborative Community Process and Evaluation Framework
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This paper provides a model for viewing the work of comprehensive community initiatives, details the process and practice involved in mobilizing and engaging the community to address the issue of gangs, and outlines the evaluation framework used to measure the effectiveness and impact of a community-based and driven approach to prevent youth involvement in gangs.
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2007/04/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Youth gang involvement: What are the risk factors?
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This information sheet is one of a series providing information related to youth gang involvement.
2007/04/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Youth gangs in Canada: What do we know?
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This document presents an overview of current knowledge about youth gangs in Canada, including their connections with guns and drugs.
2007/03/19 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
An Investigation into the Formation and Recruitment Processes of Aboriginal Gangs in Western Canada
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This report provides a brief literature review of current gang research, including the incorporation of information from documents produced by agencies that work with gang-involved youth.
2007/03/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Strategies for Reducing Gun Violence: The Role of Gangs, Drugs and Firearm Accessibility
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This report on strategies to reduce gun violence begins with a brief overview of recent trends in gun violence with a particular focus on emerging trends and changes in Canada.
2006/03/01 - PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA
Final Report: "Youth, Weapons and Violence in Toronto and Montreal"
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This report presents research that contributes to knowledge about the inter-relationships of youth, guns and gang violence in Toronto and Montreal.
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